Verbs modifiers
Kabla hatujaingia kwenye somo letu hili, hatuna budi kujua verbs kwa zikiwa katika hali zake tano kama ifuatavyo;
Kuna hali au kanuni tano za verbs, yaani verbs zinapatikana katika hali mojawapo kati ya hali hizi tano ambazo nitazitaja hapo chini kwenye jedwali.tazama verbs hizi hapa
Try, type, read, write, go, teach
| Muundo wa 1 | Mundo wa 2 | Muundo wa 3 | Muundo wa 4 | Muundo wa 5 |
| try
type read write go teach |
tries types reads writes goes teaches
|
tried typed read wrote went taught |
tried typed read written gone taught |
trying typing reading writing going teaching |
Kutokana na mifano michache hapo juu utaona muundo wa 3 na wa nne hapo juu hubadilika kwa kutofautiana kabisa kutoka kwenye verb na verb nyingine katika muundo husika, muundo wa 2 na wa 5 hubadilika kwa muundo mmoja (Yaani katika muundo wa 2, verb huongezewa "s' mwishoni kwa kila verb) na katika muundo wa 5 huogezewa ..ing mwishoni). hapa tazama mifano ya muundo wa 3 kama ilivyo katika jedwali hapo juu.
The man tried to open the door six times before you arrived.
Abdul typed my letter yester night.
They read newspapers before boarding in the plane.
His teacher taught him Arabic and English.
We went to Kariakoo supermarket ten days before
Tazama mifano hapo chini ya baadhi ya verbs zinazotumika katika muundo wa 4:
The letter was typed by Abdul.
You shouldn't have done it!
I have written it down.
They couldn't have come earlier.
Matumizi ya auxiliaries katika hali tano za verbs kama tulivyozidurusu hapo juu kwa ufupi,
Tunaelewa kuwa, njia ya kawaida sana katika ku "modify" verbs tunatumia auxiliarry zifuatazo.
Matumizi ya (vitenzi visaidizi) auxiliary verbs katika hali tano za verbs ambazo tumezisoma hapo juu,
Njia ya kawaida sana ambayo tunaitumia katika kuunda vitenzi ni kuongeza auxiliary verbs moja au zaidi katika hizi zifuatazo;
| May,
might has, have,
had
Can could, is, was, were, being, been Will would am, are Shall, should, must be
|
(Do, ought na used to tutazisoma tofauti na hizi baadaye)
Sasa tuone namna gani auxiliary verbs hapo juu zinaweza kutumika kwa mujibu wa miundo mitano ambayo tumeisoma hapo mwanzoni.
1. Katika muundo wa 2 na wa 3 kama tulivyokwisha iona hapo juu, haziwezi kabisa kuundwa na auxiliary verbs yoyote katika hizo tulizozitaja hapo juu.
2. Muundo wa 1 wa verb huweza kuundwa na auxiliary verbs yoyote katika zile zilizo andikwa upande wa mkono kushoto hapo juu kwenye jedwali.
Mfano;
I may type. She could read.
We shall write. They would teach
You must go He should try.
3. Katika muundo wa 4 wa verb waweza ukatumia hadi auxiliary verbs tatu kwa pamoja katika sentensi moja. Tazama mifano hapo chini.
Auxiliary verb moja Auxiliary verbs mbili Auxiliary verbs tatu.
He has typed a letter He might have typed a letter A letter might have been typed by him.
They have written They might have written They might have been written
You were attacked You were being attacked You could have been attacked.
They had taken they should have taken They should have been taken.
4. Ikiwa na muundo wa 5 waweza pia ukatumia auxiliaries kuanzia moja hadi tatu. Tazama mifano;
Auxiliary moja Auxiliaries mbili Auxiliaries tatu
He is teaching. He has been teaching He might have been teaching.
I am going I might be going I must have been going
We are talking We shall be talking We shall have been talking.
Kama tulivyoona hapo juu utaratibu mzima wa kutumia auxiliaries katika miundo mitano ya verbs ambayo tumeisoma, yabidi sasa tuone maana halisi katika kutumia auxiliaries hizo, Kumbuka kuwa kukiwa na auxiliaries zaidi ndio na maana hubadilika ukilinganisha na kukiwa na auxiliary moja, tazama mifano katika sentensi hizi hapa chini na ulinganishe;
He has typed a letter = (Ameandika barua)
He might have typed a letter = (Inawezekana kuwa ameandika barua)
A letter might have been typed by him (inawezekana kuwa barua imeandikwa na yeye)
He is teaching = (anafundisha sasa hivi.)
He has been teaching = (amekuwa akifundisha/amekuwa anafundisha)
He might have been teaching = (anaweza kuwa amekuwa anafundisha/inawezekana likuwa anafundisha na inawezekana kabisa kuwa sasa hafundishi tena)
I must have been going = (Bila shaka nimekuwa nikienda)
Matumizi ya auxiliaries katika negative katika kuunda sentensi za maulizo (interrogative questions)
Mfano;
He has typed a letter, huwa Has he typed a letter?
I was a student. huwa Was I a student?
You can help me, huwa Can you help me?
You have seen Henry huwa Have you seen Henry?
Haitoshi tu kuweza kuzigawa auxiliaries kulingana na verbs kama tulivyoona hapo juu, Unachotakiwa kujua sasa ni namna gani ya kuweza kuzitumia katika kuelezea verb, Kwa mfano, kama itasemwa hivi;
"The bridge might be dangerous". Tunatakiwa kuelewa kutokana na auxiliary "Might" kuwa, kuna uwezekano daraja lina hatari sasa hivi, lakini ingekuwa badala yake mtu aseme "The bridge might have been dangerous," Muongezeko wa auxiliary mbili (Yaani have been) kwenye auxiliary "might" hutuarifu kuwa daraja limekuwa hatari kipindi kilichopita (kilichoendelea kidogo) lakini kuna uwezekano kabisa kuwa sasa hivi hakuna hatari hii;
Neno Might/could have + past participle hutumika kuonyesha hali ya majuto kama kitu kimepita na hakikufanyika kama kilivyokuwa kinatakiwa kiwe kimeshafanyika, humaanisha "Laiti ..nge..) mfano; "I might have stayed at home" (Laiti ningekaa nyumbani")
Amma ikiwa katika mfumo huu " May/might + have + past participle hutumika kutabiri au kudhani kuhusu vitendo vilivyopita; mfano;
She may/might have gone to school = <Kuna uwezekano kuwa amekwenda shule (na sio hakika)>
He /may/might/could have been hunted! = Inawezekana alikuwa anasakwa!
Perhaps we should have perused. The examination might have been simple.
Should have ni auxiliaries mbili zilizofuatana zinazodokeza katika sentensi hiyo kuwa, "Tungekuwa tumejifunza mtihani ungeweza kuonekana kuwa mrahisi kwetu.
Kwa maana hiyo tunaona kuwa, wakati wa Kuuliza, auxiliaries ni muhimu sana katika maulizo na huchukua nafasi ya neno la kwanza kutamka katika sentensi yako ya maulizo kisha hufuatiwa na noun (Jina) au pronoun (Kiwakilishi).
Auxiliary verbs; Click kwenye ile unayoihitaji kujifunza hapo chini
Have May Should has, have, had
Can could, is, was, were, being, been
Will would am, are
Shall, should, must be
do
Prepared By Muhseen bin Rajab
We hope you will enjoy it.