REPORTED SPEECH

Tense hubadilika

     Kwa kawaida, tense katika reported speech ni tense hiyo hiyo lakini iliyopo katika kipindi kilichopita kutoka katika direct speech: Reported speech hujulikana kama indirect speech. katika Direct speech, tunanukuu maneno aliyoyaongea mzungumzaji fulani kama yalivyo, Mfano; Hilal alisema "Nitakwenda Shuleni kesho" hii ndio huitwa "Direct speech" na ikiwa mtu aliyesikia maneno haya moja kwa moja kutoka kwa Hilal atasema katika kusimulia "Hilal alisema kuwa angekwenda shule siku iliyofuatia" (Hapa inajulikana kama "Indirect speech" au "Reported speech" (Kwa kuwa hii ni habari ya kusimuliwa na sio ya moja kwa moja) na utaona kuwa, Direct speech hunukuu maneno ya muongeaji na huku yakiwa yapo katika quotation marks (vifungua maneno, yaani koma mbili zilizogeuzwa kama hivi " ") Mfano katika sentensi hii hapa chini,

He said, "I am hungry."  inakuwa hivi  He said that she was hungry.

Mabadiliko haya ni kama yanavyoweza kuonekana hapo chini:

Zingatia kuwa:

1. Huhitajiki kubadilisha tense kama kitenzi kinachotoa taarifa (reporting verb) kipo katika wakati uliopo (present,) au kama sentensi halisi (Ambayo imetoka kwenye mdomo wa msemaji moja kwa moja) ilikuwa ni kuhusu kitu fulani ambacho bado kipo (Kina athari hadi sasa hivi, mfano.

He says he has missed the train but he'll catch the next one.
We explained that it is very difficult to find our house.

2. Hizi modal verbs hazibadiliki katika reported speech:
might, could, would, should, ought to, e.g.

 We explained that it could be difficult to find our house.
She said that she might bring a friend to the party.

(i)  Matumizi yake:

  Reported speech yaweza ikaelezwa na verb katika present tense: He says that... Hii ni kawaida wakati tunapofanya yafuatayo:-

 (1) Tunapotoa taarifa ya mazungumzo ambayo bado yanaendelea.

 (2) Tunaposoma barua na kutoa taarifa ya kile barua inachokieleza.

 (3) Tunapotoa maelekezo na kutoa taarifa juu ya maelekezo hayo.

 (4) Tunapotoa taarifa ya maelezo ambayo mtu fulani huyarudia mara kwa mara. Kwa  mfano;                      

            Canoksan says that he'll never drink.

  Wakati verb inayoeleza sentensi ikiwa ipo katika present perfect au future tense, tunaweza kutoa taarifa ya Direct speech bila badiliko la tense.

Mfano;

    JAMALI: (Anapiga simu kutoka uwanja wa ndege) "I'm trying to get a taxi."

    JAMILA:(Anamwambia Nabila ambaye yupo karibu naye) Jamali says he is trying to get a taxi.

(II)  Lakini reported speech kwa kawaida huelezwa kitika past tense. Verb katika Direct speech zinatakiwa zibadilishwe katika past tense inayoendana na verb hiyo. Mabadiliko hayo ni kama ambavyo yamedhihirika hapo juu.

(iii) Zingatia katika I/we shall/should

      "I/we shall" kwa kawaida huwa he/she/they would katika reported speech:

         "I shall be doing this job tomorrow" said Abdul

Abdul said he would be doing that job the following day.

   Lakini kama sentensi inaripotiwa na mzungumzaji mwenyewe. "I/we shall" yaweza kuwa kati ya "I/we should" au I/we would. Would imezoeleka zaidi.

   Vilevile "I/We should" kwa kawaida huwa he/she/they would katika indirect speech:

      "If I had a computer, I shouldn't /wouldn't sleep earlier than I do" said Musa.=

     Musa said that if he had a computer he wouldn't have slept earlier than he does.

 Lakini kama sentensi hiyo ingekuwa imeripotiwa na mwenyewe Musa, "I/we should" ingeweza kubadilika au isibadilike au ingeweza kuripotiwa na "would". na kuwa hivyo hivyo bila kubadilika na hivyo ingekuwa I said If I had a computer, I wouldn't sleep earlier than I do.

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