UNLESS
Unless humaanisha sawa na (kama sio au isipokuwa, kama/ikiwa hu/si/hamta...., ila au kasoro) au if...not. Kwa Kiswahili mifano yake ni kama vile "Hutaelewa Kiingereza kamwe isipokuwa ujifunze sarufi hii kwa uangalifu" (You will never understand English unless you study this grammar carefuly (= Kamwe hutaelewa kama hu/ikiwa hujifunzi...) Kama if, Inafuatiwa na present tense, past tense au past perfect (Kamwe haifuatiwi na neno 'would'). Hutumika badala ya if + not katika conditional sentences ya aina zote:
Mifano mingine ya neno hilo katika Lugha ya Kiswahili ni kama vile:
Unless you have paid the tuition you won't be allowed to go into the class room.
(Kama hujalipa/Ikiwa hujalipa ada hutaruhusiwa kuingia darasani)
Kwa maneno mengine mepesi katika kukuelewesha kuhusu neno hili na matumizi yake, ni sawa na kusema. Unless + affirmative verb = If + negative. Tazama mifano michache hapo chini.
Unless I invited them, they would not come (Kama singewaalika hawangekuja) Kwa mfano huo labda moja kwa moja nikupeleke katika mada yetu hii kwa utaratibu ambapo utaona mifano mingi na Inshaallah utaelewa tu. Tunaanza kuzisoma kwa kutumia conditional sentences ambazo tulishazisoma
| Type 1: (Unless + present) |
|
a. You'll be sick unless you stop eating. (= Utakuwa mgonjwa kama huachi kula) Hapa itakumbukwa kuwa katika Kiswahili maneno yaliyokolezwa hapo kwenye sentensi hiyo yapo katika kanuni niliyoitaja mwanzo wa somo letu hapo juu, yaani (kama/ikiwa hu/si/hamta...) b. I won't pay unless you provide the goods immediately. (= Kama hunipi hizo/hivyo/hiyo sitalipa) c. You'll never understand English unless you study this grammar carefully. (= Kamwe hutaelewa Kiingereza ikiwa hutajifunza sarufi hii kwa uangalifu) |
| Type 2: (Unless + past) |
|
a. Unless he was very ill, he would be at work. (kama hakuwa mgonjwa angekuwa kazini) b. I wouldn't eat that food unless I was really hungry. (kama sikuwa na njaa singekula chakula kile) c. She would be here by now unless she was stuck in the traffic. (Yeye angekuwa hapa sasa hivi kama hakuwa amekwama barabarani) |
| Type 3: (Unless + past perfect) |
|
a. The robber wouldn't have seen the money unless he'd had perfect confidence. (jambazi huyo hangekuwa ameona fedha hiyo kama hakuwa anajiamini) b. I wouldn't have paid him unless you'd suggested it. (nisingekuwa nimemlipa kama hukushauri hivyo) c. They would have shot her unless she'd given them the money. |
Na tutazame kidogo kuhusu neno hilo kama tulivyoonyesha hapo juu likiwa katika mfumo huu wa Unless + affirmative verb = If + negative. (Yaani neno Unless likifuatiwa na verb kukanusha ni sawa na kusema sentensi iliyoundwa kwa neno if iliyofuatiwa na neno la kukanusha)
Hebu tazama tofauti kati ya maneno haya hapo chini;
Don't me if you need help na
Don't call me unless you need help
Katika sentensi ya mwanzo inamaanisha kuwa mzungumzaji hatamsaidia msikilizaji wake huyo anayeongea naye kama anataka msaada. na sentensi ya pili ina maana ya kuwa atamsaidia kama anataka msaada lakini kwa masharti kuwa asimpigie simu/asimuite.
Hadi hapa ninakutakia kila la kheri na uendelee kututembelea katika website yetu, tutaendelea kukusomesha bure.
Nakutakia kila la kheri
Muhsin bin Rajab Husayn (canoksan)
Monday, September 16, 2002